Nokia

The company operates an infrastructure and technology licensing business model. It designs and manufactures telecom network hardware (radio access, IP routers, optical transport) and develops core network and related software, which it sells to communications service providers, cloud operators and large enterprises. Revenue is derived from up‑front and project‑based sales of capital equipment, recurring software licences and support, and multi‑year maintenance and managed services contracts covering deployment, optimisation and lifecycle management. An additional revenue stream comes from licensing its standards‑essential and other patents, as well as technology portfolios, to device makers and other industry participants, creating value through access to network capabilities and intellectual property while monetising its R&D investments at scale.

Nokia Oyj is a Finland‑based telecommunications equipment and technology company that supplies radio access, core network, IP routing and optical transport systems to communications service providers, cloud operators and large enterprises worldwide. Its portfolio includes mobile network radio platforms, cloud‑native core network software, service routers and photonic transport systems, complemented by technology and patent licensing activities.

The company generates revenue primarily from sales of network hardware and associated software, long‑term support and professional services contracts, and licensing of its intellectual property. Its direct customers are mobile and fixed network operators, data centre and cloud providers, system integrators and enterprises deploying private or carrier‑grade networks.